Inventions That Affected the World Essay

Our world has experienced many changes within the last century. New inventions are made every month, and one of the most influential changes is the invention of the cellphone. The cellphone has completely changed the way we communicate, as well as the speed, convenience, and quality of our communication. Technology has made such an impact on society that most people won’t leave home without their cellphones. Also computers became human’s best friend. This is why one of the most life changing pieces of technology for many people has been the smartphone, an all-in-one, portable device that combines the functions of a cell phone with the functions of a computer. But how was life before this technology even existed? Back in the past, communicating with people was hard, especially with long distance. Letters were the only option to let someone know about something. But after the phone was invented, contacting people got much easier than before, even though, not everyone owned a phone. Computers were the other device that was invented, it was and still used in almost every concern. Then Internet invention had to step in and make life much easier. With Internet, people made electronic mails, which was another way to communicate with others. But to own all these things was very pricey back then, and to have them with you anywhere you go was not possible. So to do a specific thing, you had to use a specific device. To reach someone immediately, you had to use the phone that was wired-up and the recipient had to be close to his wired-up phone as well. To go to a specific location, you had to ask people that are familiar with the area you are going to. To send an email, you had to do it through the Internet from a computer. To remind yourself of a meeting something, you had to keep sticking little notes on your fridge door. To take a picture, you obviously needed a camera, and to send it to somebody, you had to use the mail and that would take couple days for the receiver to see it. To calculate an amount, you needed a calculator or you had to be good at math. To check next day’s weather you had wait till after the news on TV. To listen to your favorite music you had to buy a cassette or a CD and then go play it in your home stereo†¦ But after the smartphone was invented couple years ago, the race of human beings found everything to be easy. We can literally do anything with it, and with all the applications available we can even do more than we ever thought in just couple seconds. From calling someone to buying an airline ticket, it’s all available with a portable device that stays in your pocket. However, in my opinion the smartphone is the one of the best inventions ever made. I would highly recommend this gadget to anyone in this planet, because with it, we are never lost, never bored or wasting time, and always with an answer.

Full Time Job Narrative Essay

I had just graduated from high school; a typical Santa Barbara local, with ambitions of attending SBCC. I always did fairly well in school, but was definitely more concerned with how the waves were breaking, instead how of my grades were. That all changed on June 15th. I got a call from a family friend asking if I would be interested in a summer job at a shipping warehouse in Carpinteria. My parents had been nagging me day in and day out to get a summer job, so this seemed so perfect. I accepted the job and my friend let me know I should show up at 7:30 Monday morning for my first day of work. That Monday morning, I woke up late and stumbled out of bed, threw on some clothes and was out the door with no time for breakfast. I will never forget that car ride down to Carpinteria, and the anxious feelings I felt in my stomach. My mind was racing in a million different directions and I really had no idea what I was in for. Pulling up to the warehouse, I remember the cold wind blowing across my face, the distinct smell of ocean heavy in the air, and the flapping of the State Park flags in the distance. The job description my friend gave me over the phone didn’t really stress how labor intensive it would be, so my first day I was in for quite a surprise. All day I was packing and carrying 60-70 lbs packages and not a minute went by where I didn’t regret taking my new job offer. Much to my surprise, my coworkers were all much older than me, and it was somewhat depressing to see people my parents and grandparents age doing such laborious work. One of my coworkers was an older woman named Maria, who sort of acted like the â€Å"mother† around facility. She didn’t speak the best of English, but despite that, we quickly became friends, and shortly thereafter Maria began giving me all sorts of advice and pointers she thought would benefit me in life. Once she found out how old I was, she asked what my plans for school were. I let her know school wasn’t something I was too worried about but that I would be attending City College in the fall. The look on her face was unforgettable. She looked back at me and said â€Å"Sammy, School is the most important thing in your life†. Maria went on to say â€Å"look around you; all these people have sad expressions on their faces. They didn’t have the opportunity you are blessed with. You need to realize school will lead you to a more successful and happy life. â€Å"That day on the drive home I looked out at the ocean and thought how nice it would be to have zero obligations anymore and just be able to hangout at the beach. It was at that moment that I actually realized that any dream is completely unachievable without vision, determination and hard work. After my three months were up, my mindset towards school had completely changed. Maria’s words burned into my head that -I no longer thought of myself as a lazy surfer who just wanted the bare minimum, but rather as a determined young student. School used to seem like an inevitable obstacle you had to endure, but now I truly see the importance and value of an education. While I admired the work ethic of the people I worked with in the warehouse, I know that through higher education, there is better future for me.

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example A high net profit margin indicates that a company converts its sales into profits fast. The net profit margin also considers costs associated with the sale of products. There are several factors which triggered a decrease in the net profit margins. They include: a. Inventories Even though, a company treats inventories as an asset in the balance sheet, the cost of sales are not reported until a sale is actually made. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the cost of sales in inventories. However, market fluctuations can reduce the value of inventories which in turn lead to devaluation of net profit margins. An economic slowdown leads to slow moving inventories and decreases company sales and causes a negative impact on net profit margins. b. Price changes Changes in price affect the number of units sold which in turn influences the profits. It is challenging to price items correctly especially in a perfect market. Therefore, the price point of a product is a primary factor responsibl e for decreasing net profit margin. A decrease in price may in turn cause a decrease in net profit margins. c. ... Examples include rent, salaries and depreciation expenses. Even though, these costs do not change based on the volume or production and sales, they still influence the net profit margin. The gross profit margin is calculated as gross profit as a percentage of sales. According to Pamela and Frank (2010), an increase in gross profit margin from one period to another can be caused by one of the following factors: a) Increase in sales volume which in turn affect sales and the cost of sales b) Increase in sales price which affect sales revenue c) Reduction in the cost of production which affects cost of goods sold. Q2- Transactions or accounts that require additional audit effort The following are the transactions or accounts which require additional audit effort based on question one above: Revenues Operating expenses Inventories Cost of goods sold Q3- Additional Audit work In some situations, an auditor may perform additional procedures in order to determine the reliability of the under lying data (Spencer 2010). The auditor should get evidence from multiple sources depending on the risk of material misstatement and the quality and quantity of audit evidence required. Obtaining evidence from different sources or types increases the level of assurance. The additional audit procedures may include Computer-assisted audit techniques (CAATs) and substantive tests. CAATs help in identifying anomalies from the selected items. However, audit evidence may be gotten from items not selected since the auditor uses professional judgment. Substantive tests entail the activities performed by the auditor during the audit so as to obtain evidence regarding the completeness, validity and accuracy of the account balances and the

What is the ROLE or RESPONSIBILITY of the CONSULTING ENGINEERS Scholarship Essay

What is the ROLE or RESPONSIBILITY of the CONSULTING ENGINEERS relative to SHAPING and PROTECTING the NATURAL ENVIRONMENT - Scholarship Essay Example role is critical in the success of any project and this is the reason why most of the engineering companies hire highly experienced consulting engineers for their projects. One of the core responsibilities of the consulting engineers is to protect the natural environment by preventing soil and water contamination during the process of construction. Water and soil contamination occur when wastewater from the construction sites fall into the dams and rivers making the water contaminated. The wastewater contains such materials and substances, which are hazardous for the health of water life and humans, and when it is put in the river water, it creates many significant health issues. The role of the consulting engineers is to develop such mechanisms, which should be able to restrict wastewater from reaching the rivers and other water lines. Some other core responsibilities of the consulting engineers include careful evaluation of the environmental benefits, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, restoring and protecting the damaged land and water supplies, and implementing mechanisms for recycling the wastewater. Consulting engineers determine the best construction techniques and materials required for any specific project. They carry out extensive research on various environmental and structural factors in order to design safe and secure buildings. They have various techniques in their minds to avoid the mixing of wastewater and unpolluted water. â€Å"Civil engineering consulting companies often provide combination civil and environmental engineering services, including structural design, pollution prevention, energy-saving methods, and equipment† (Moore). Consulting engineers play a key role setting the dimensions of success for any new project. They are highly qualified individuals and professionals in their fields. â€Å"Because of their professional training and background they have a particular role and obligation towards the protection of the

Is Howard Campbell Insane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Howard Campbell Insane - Essay Example I believe that Howard Campbell is not insane because, first of all, Howard Campbell lost his hope and became a death in society. Secondly, he always pretended to be someone else. So he could continue to live but knew what he was doing. He was not only a hero in his life but also died like a hero. He saw life with different angles and faced various difficult situations. But he never lost his hope and came up victoriously from all those difficult situations. He lived in the dark and was fearful about all the things around him. This was basically the way for him to regain the aims and expectations of living life. He started to recognize the importance of life. The Second World War taught him how to view all the aspects of life. Howard Campbell lost his hope and became a death in society because he not only lost his wife, Helga, but also his writing talent. As Howard Campbell said, â€Å"That was how I lost her. She was entertaining troops in the Crimea, and the Russians took the Crimea back. My Helga was presumed dead† (Vonnegut 42). So Howard lost his hope and tried to run away from reality because his wife was everything to him. â€Å"And so, with my Helga presumed dead, I became a death worshiper, as content as any narrow –minded religious nut anywhere. Always alone, I drank toasts to her, said good morning to her, said good night to her, played music for her, and didn’t give any damn for one thing else† (Vonnegut 47). Howard became a discouraged person who was spending all his energy and life in order to stay alive. So he had a little efficiency for anything else. And that is why he lost his interest in everything and also lost his writing talent. â€Å"The part of me that wanted to tell the truth got turned into an expert liar! The lover in me got turned into a pornographer! The artist in me got turned into ugliness such as the world has rarely seen before† (Vonnegut 206). But after all

Consensus on Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consensus on Global Warming - Essay Example This has introduced some new areas of debate which require a solid scientific intervention to achieve a consensus on the issue. What is the debate? The arguments that come for, and against the human role in the rising global warmth are interesting, and both have stringent views on the issue. Attributing the global warming to human actions Al Gore (6) states, â€Å"I have learned that, beyond death and taxes, there is at least one undisputable fact: Not only those human caused global warming exists, but it is also growing more and more dangerous, and at a pace that has now made it a planetary emergency.† On the other hand, a number of scientists accept the fact that our planet is becoming warmer; negate the human role in the issue. Especially, the last one and half-century has witnessed a quick rise in earth temperatures. However, they argue that the case against human activity is not supported by the solid scientific research. Hollander (66) narrates this sentiment in these wo rds, â€Å"However, the evidence of human contribution is, at best, suggestive. Hard evidence simply doesn’t exist.† The scientific proof that the global warming is caused and aggravated by human actions is considered inadequate and flimsy by these scientists, and they attribute this hype to various political reasons and natural phenomenon. History of consensus The issue does not have a long history of controversy and initially, there was more or less a state of consensus on the human contribution in the rising temperatures of the earth. Various studies conducted in early phase were either highly appreciated or went unopposed on scientific grounds. The best criticism on these papers was based on methodologies and research approaches that were adopted to ascertain the human contribution in global warming. More importantly none of these papers challenged the consensus on the issue. Even the special panels like Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and United Nation commissions on the issue reached the consensus that human activities may have an impact on the increasing global warming. Even not a single research paper between 1993 and 2003 had opposed the crux of the theory and human role in the growth and amplification of global warming. This decade long consensus is explored in detail by the Oreskes, â€Å"Of all the papers, 75% fell into the first three categories, either explicitly or implicitly accepting the consensus view; 25% dealt with methods or paleoclimate, taking no position on current anthropogenic climate change. Remarkably, none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position.† Conclusion It is can be deduced in the light of foregone that there is a partial scientific consensus on the issue of global warming. The gradual rise in the temperature of our native planet is scientifically proven and accepted. However, the role of human activity in the creation and escalation of this calamity is debatable.   The role of carbon dioxide, methane, Carbon Monoxide in the combustion of oxygen and the hazardous impact of this interplay of gases is beyond scientific perplexity. Scientists have also consensus on the impact of greenhouse effect on our soil. Only a small number of scientists disagree with the concept that the gases and fossils of human activity are a major source of this effect. These scientists argue that human contribution is negligibly small as far the impact on the greenhouse effect and ozone layer is concerned. There are other natural

Argument Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument Assignment - Essay Example Speaking of the latter, there are campuses today that are experiencing problems brought about by crows. One of which would be that it serves as a distraction for students from class as crows bring fear to some while curiosity to others. Instead of listening in class, students tend to talk about crows and some just want to leave the room into a safer place. Second problem of which would be that some crows get into the food of the students and eat them. They also get into the cafeteria which may pose a threat to the cleanliness of the food being served. Third, some crows have the tendency of attacking kids when they think their actions are provoking or harming them. Lastly, the overall hygiene of the campus is being sacrificed because of the fecal matter that the crows drop along the hallways. This can again result to the increase of viruses that may result to sickness. With all these said, there is indeed a need to provide a solution for these very valid problems, that when not immediately acted upon would cause bigger problems for the school and its students. A good way to start solving this problem would be to set aside a fund that would allow the depopulation of crows. One of which would be to set up scare crows which will repel them from staying in the campuses. There is also a more practical way of visually repelling them such as by setting up mirrors in the area that when hit by the sun will reflect a light that will make it hard for crows to see. Indeed, though crow depopulation is not really a common problem that we would be familiarly spending money on, I strongly believe that funding a solution to it is a must. This is because the presence of crows in the campus has a lot of repercussions. First, it could affect the credibility and the effectiveness of the school towards the learning of students because they get distracted by them. If this happens, it would cost the school more to have these students transfer to

Grassroots Activism Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grassroots Activism Project - Essay Example This gender mainstreaming is one of the best and very convenient to pursue. It involves looking at the way organization functions in terms of policy development and governance, agenda setting, the administrative function and the overall system as whole. According to Tiessen (2010) gender, mainstreaming is able to accommodate any institutional structure. Institutional gender mainstreaming policy should and must be equipped with channels that enables programmatic gender mainstreaming. Additionally, it is the line of action that ensure functionality of the organization that does not reinforce or conceal patterns of gender inequality in its staffing, functions and governance. In pursuing this line of action, gender inequality will come to be history in the society because it takes a multi-pronged dimension in redressing the social problem of gender inequality In the spirit of programmatic gender mainstreaming a number of action are taken to ensure that the issue of gender inequality is solved. It is one of the means that if its action are fully implemented then the myth of masculinity will be broken, it encourage inter gender competition that is healthy, it will enable women to be respected especially in areas where gender based violence is endemic. The issue or rather concern that is of priority to solve is the inequality that is being experienced because of the myth of masculinity, which is strongly held by a number of people in the society. It’s a myth that has crippled most of the institution that has led to a number social issues that is a concern that is related with imbalanced staffing in term of gender, administrative roles are biased toward one gender because of myth of masculinity (Inglehart, 2009). In order to break this myth of masculinity there is a number of actions that were taken. First and foremost was coming up with the policies that will regulate recruitment a cross the gender. This will ensure that

ADVERTISEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ADVERTISEMENT - Essay Example In marketing theory, certain product brands focus on the tangible benefits of product in order to gain consumer following and interest. Purell sells its products in a very saturated environment where there are many competing brands such as Johnson and Johnson sanitizers and even many store brands from companies such as Wal-Mart and Walgreens Pharmacy. Because there are so many different products available that provide similar benefits, Purell must use interesting and eye-catching promotional advertising to make their product stand out. There is a marketing concept known as differentiation that is an effort to show consumers how one product can be more effective than another when they have very similar function and benefits. Purell is making its product seem more attractive and exciting using cartoons and clever advertising messages as a means of accomplishing this differentiation. What the company is also attempting to do is remind consumers of the importance of making sure that they are healthy and safe. By making the Purell product seem more menacing, it gives consumers a psychologically-based impression that this brand can accomplish more in their lifestyles. By showing germs that are terrified of being anywhere near the product, it makes it so that they will recall this brand name more quickly over competing brands and, ultimately, reach for Purell. This advertisement also reinforces a belief in effectiveness, even though it maintains many benefits similar to competing products, so that buyers are given the impression that this is a superior product. The clever messages being used in the advertisement also create humor with the consumer. It is usually those that are concerned with health and well-being for themselves and their families that will be buying hand sanitizer products. By using cartoon characters that are fearful of the power of Purell, it also creates psychological connections with those who value

Poverty and Pollution Essay Example for Free

Poverty and Pollution Essay Determine the ethical implications of business polluting in third world country. Explain your rationale. The Third World refers to the poorer and undeveloped countries of the world. Often, these countries have extremely poor environmental situations. Countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia are the greatest victims of this environmental inequality. In addition to problems created by development and industrialization, poorer nations also suffer environmental difficulties caused by poverty and war, among other causes. Many environmental problems arise in the Third World. Air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, and poisoning of the environment are among the largest of these. (pollution problems on third world , 1999) The businesses that are polluting in a third world country are the businesses that think that because the third world countries are poor and under developed. They do not have the restriction that the U.S. does to prevent business from doing everything that they can to the environment, These countries are left with making decision on whether are not to eat are having clean environment. What do you think they are choosing to do? We sometime take advantage of people because of the situation they are in at the time. The Western countries take advantage of these Third World countries. They dump their trash and other hazardous waste into these Third World countries. The First World companies will go into these countries and build plants, which will pollution the air, in Third World nations to not have to deal with the regulations that they would face at home. Some of the transnational corporations that produce hazardous chemicals look at as overly dangerous in the First World find an acceptable market in the Third World. There, governments cannot restrict usage of these chemicals. They are trying to provide a way for its citizens to make a living. How can this be fair? How can these business live with themselves. What I have stated time and time again it always comes back to money. Suggest the reasons a business may conduct operations in a third world country and disregard any standards of pollution control. We see the pollution problem affecting the whole world. Industries are going overseas because the cost of labor is a lot cheaper. Therefore all they want to do is make a big profit by paying less and acquiring quality goods and services. (pollution problems on third world , 1999) Industries don’t care about the employees never the less about the environment. Laws and regulations a lot different in third world countries and there is a lot of corruption too; with this been said if anyone complaints money is the solution. Also as I mention before countries of the Third World struggle with population growth, poverty, famines, and wars, their residents are discovering the environmental effects of these problems, in the form of increasing air, water, and land pollution. Industrialized nations often dump wastes in developing countries where there is little or no environmental regulation, and governments may collect considerable fees for accepting their garbage. And not only that some of this garbage can be hazards not only for the environment but to the individuals leave close to this dump sites this third world countries would accept garbage for money this is hard to believe. This industries move to third world countries because there is not pollution controlled laws. Therefore industries are not allowed to manufacture of produce certain things their only option is to move if they want to still be in business. (gale, 2005) It has been said that pollution is the price of progress. Assess the connection between economic progress and development, on the one hand, and pollution controls and environmental protection, on the other. The optimal level of pollution is supposed to be the level at which the costs to the company of cleaning up the pollution equal the cost of environmental damage caused by that pollution. If the pollution charge is equivalent to the cost of environmental damage then the theory says that the company will clean up its pollution until any further incremental reduction in pollution would cost more than the remaining charge, that is until it is cheaper to pay the charge than reduce the pollution. This might seem to be less than optimal solutions to the community but economists argue that the polluter is better off than if it had paid to eliminate the pollution altogether and the community is no worse off because it is being compensated by the firm for the damage through the payments to the government. In theory the payments made by firms in the form of charges can be used to correct the environmental damage they cause. (beder, 1996) Support the argument that human beings have a moral right to a livable environment regardless of the country they live in. Every person in every community has the right to health, and to a safe and healthy environment. Unfortunately, these rights are often not respected. Many people suffer from serious health problems caused by a scarcity of basic necessities and an excess of harmful substances. The most vulnerable people are those who have low status because of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, class, caste, poverty, or for other reasons. They usually suffer first, and worst. The struggle to live in a healthy, safe, productive, and enjoyable environment by communities whose rights are not well respected by people in power is sometimes called the struggle for environmental justice. As part of the human rights; each human being has a moral right to life and to a livable environment. Also is not fair for these individuals from third world countries to suffer from more things they’re already struggling and then u have industries polluting their environment. Everyone should be able to have a good environment to live in. Also something that caught my attention is the even though here in the United States of America we have good environment individuals don’t not how to take care of it. For example people throwing garbage out their cars windows or disposing of chemicals in their back yard. This types of thing can cause damage to our environment. Take a position on whether nations have an obligation to provide poorer nations with, or help them develop, greener industries and sources of energy. Explain your rationale. Although some of this nations are poor they can also be rich because of natural resource for example oil, gold and expensive minerals. Many third world countries have been able to be successful because of natural resources. I think that if a nation is wealthy and individuals are happy, then it should help other nations because today for them and tomorrow for us. We never know when we are going to need someone’s help. Therefore it is not an obligation to other nations but it’s good to show support. The United States of America is known for helping others but I know there is always an interest or a agreement to repay the USA. Also increasingly, through globalization, many countries have become dependent on each other. While some countries are endowed with better quality resources, others have to be satisfied with current resources. History has shown that the poorer countries are usually those more vulnerable to disasters (economically and socially) and are less equipped to overcome these disasters. Rich countries, therefore, are consistently required to support those poorer countries through international aid. However, the right type of aid is more important than the quantity of aid. Rich countries should invest in the human capital of poor countries, provide defense against wars, and help develop the skills of the people instead of simply providing donations. There should be agreements and follow-ups on how the aid is being used. Propose a plan for uniform global pollution control standards and how you would enforce them. It’s hard to say how something can be done about this the procedures and norms are in place now. I think pollution is always going to be an issue and it’s going to be too late when individuals try to help with the problem. The only thing I can suggest is to maybe have dump sites in out of space and if the garbage tries to enter earth of other planet it would burn anyways. But to enforce new regulation it’s going to be a challenge hopefully they can come out with a solution soon. Industries are not going to stop producing thing while the demand is high. And if we told inviduals that this is harmful for the earth that they need to stop they would just laugh References Pollution problems on third world . (1999). Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Economics/pollution_problems_in_the_thir.html Beder, S. (1996). charging the earth: the promotion of price- based measures for pollution. Retrieved from http://www.herinst.org/sbeder/enveconomics/economics.html

Concepts of Beauty in Art

Concepts of Beauty in Art John Keats Beauty and Truth In his famous apostrophe to the Grecian Urn, the immortal poet, John Keats, wrote: Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou sayst, beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. This very famous statement on Beauty and Truth and their interchangeability poses a very important question in the postmodern era. Art and its convention of the Beauty/Beautiful has imperceptibly changed over the decades, from something that should reflect the Ideal (and in reality, twice removed from it, as per Plato), or in essence complete and offering pleasure to the senses to something, that expresses the unique consciousness/angst of the creator. Art has thus rediscovered its definition for beauty. If beauty is truth, then it may dare to be grotesque too, for truth may be harsh or horrific. Beauty does not suggest something beautiful in the actual sense of the term, but that, which comes closer to the true expressions of the self and the vision of a generations psyche, that is fragmented, kitsch-like, complex and beyond the metanarratives of a suffocating conformity. Beauty has evolved into a freedom for expression. Contemporary art, especially questions the paradigms of aesthetic values, with artists like Chapman Brothers or Justin Novak producing artwork that are clearly meant to provoke reactions and challenge notions of beauty, that had its roots in Kants Critique of Judgment (1790). It contemplated on the pure aesthetic experience of art consisting of a disinterested observer, pleasing for its own sake and beyond any utility or morality. Now, the very word pleasing may have different boundaries and contemporary art is trying to escalate their claims. If Marcel Duchamp made a fountain out of a urinal in 1917, that hurtled the Dadaist movement and that later amplified into a surrealist tendency looking into primitive art for their subconscious inspiration, to reveal the mental process, then the essential motivation behind the whole thing was subversion. If primitivism was motivating a new dimension by which beauty of the mind was revealed, then Picasso completely subjectified art and personal experience into a fourth dimension and created a cubist movement to claim a break down of a canon that no longer held on to techniques, symbols and least of all universal criteria for judging anything. There are many socio-ideological forces behind the same and the destructive World Wars had many reasons to question the notions behind the traditional idea of Beauty, and it addressed the subjective, transcendental and alienated psyche of modern man. Metaphysical hopelessness gave absurdity to beauty, while the meaninglessness of this Being, made beauty seem more akin to grotesque, either by derision or by the light of their tragic truth. What makes the question more intriguing is that, whether contemporary art has found a better form of beauty (constructed to please and create a certain discursive paradigm) in the grotesque, since it frees us from any moral and political/ideological constraints? Can it be linked to greater dimensions of teleological magnitude, or should it be treated as an alternative method of understanding true aesthetic, if not the complete aspect of aesthetic itself? Is grotesque possible without the knowledge of Beauty itself? I shall attempt to answer the following questions that I raised, with a few examples. One must first understand the idea behind perception and the dialogical force that surrounds it. If the world is raised as an illusion in ones mind then the mind has been symbolically trained to read it as a language. This matrix of complex spontaneity is paradigmatically and syntagmatically (Roman Jakobson, 1987) being challenged, when Grotesque plays the part of Beauty. The Dystopia arises out of a shattered archetype that must restructure itself to include elements of the grotesque within the beauty, and reach towards the same aesthetic experience: the sublime. But interestingly what produces sublime is shock. But one must not confuse this with the cathartic experience of the Tragic pity and terror, but something quite opposite to an ideal communicative situation that all such art produces. Thus this element of mimesis and/or representation of the ideal have given way to an infinite subjectivity (Hegel, Lectures on Fine Art, given in the 1820s), or the abyss of the human mind and condition. But the self is interpellated as per Lacan and later Althusser too estimated the impossibility of a single position from where one can judge, since the self was preconditioned with a lot of logocentricism (Derrida), which are again socio-culturally specific as per Barthes. Thus there is a complete inquiry into art through the artists personality or self (or selves). Justin Novaks disfigurine often conforming to the bourgeoisie values, distort them to such an ironic extent that one cannot miss the counter realism that it offers. Often it serves to offer no alternative reality, but just launches one amidst a grotesque re-examination of old values and with its attendant disillusionment. Once there is a silent barrier between class and gender is dismantled, the escape is into nothingness the sublime height of vast unending solutions and this underscores the definite presence and the horrors of undying conformism. If truth is beauty, then Novaks artworks reveal the finer sides of it by shattering the comfortable and compartmentalized thought processes with which one can objectify art from a safe distance. The grotesque closeness of these truths gives beauty to the mind by releasing it from the shackles of confinement and overpowering illusions. Truth is not universal, but a power to accept the inextricable complexity of human behaviour, mind and his /her social, cultural and historical environment. Is Grotesque a rebellion? Or is it an inextricable element of beauty? Disfigurines 2006, by Justin Novak Grayson Perrys ceramic works portray this polemic by making them superficially beautiful (as beauty has been notoriously claimed to have been) and underneath it remains the darker motives of an artist who tries to wrest with disturbing truths (or shall one call them home truths, with a larger social back drop to them). His works like Coming Out Dress 2000, Weve Found the Body of your Child 2000 or the Boring Cool People 1999 (reminds one of Eliots famous lines from The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In the room the women come and go, Talking of Michaelangelo). Not only does he deal with issues like cross-dressing, child abuse and social sterility (spiritually hollow cool fashionistas), but also he plays with this abnormal interrelation between beauty and grotesque. He raises questions about taste and the sublime. In short he subverts the notion of beauty with beauty that is skin deep! Reality is a diabolical faade and Perry questions whether hegemony denotes or connotes the medium o f taste in art. Transvestite to transgression, the Chapman Brothers question the inevitability or orthodox value of the canon. This reflects in their works, defacement and torture figures create the complete picture of Beauty. They usher in a new experiment with taste, bad taste and the notions of good taste. Art moves into the realms of public or mass low category, which becomes an essential democratic medium for evoking or carrying forward a provocation to rouse the sense of that horrifying answerless void. With the Chapman brothers there is a sadist tone attached to their insult or reiteration of Goyas influence especially in the irrecreation of his Disasters of War, which inflict bold horror. But the grandeur of that horror is reduced to a trivial and yet a sardonic sensationtaste comes off them. They twist the sensation of violence into an aestheticground and arouse a variety of physical and mental demands for perceiving Beauty amidst such a squandering grotesqueness. Beauty here lies in the re lease from holding back appreciation, awe and complete shock. Violence does not stand-alone and nor does any other human emotion. Sex, 2003 is thus desire, decay, diabolical, deliberate, freedom or defeat. Purity is not that far fromits pornographic mockery of it and they are interrelated in their apparent verisimilitude. A true representation of kitsch art, their works like Zygotic Acceleration, roused shock as they attempted to portray the sexualisation of children due to the media and increased gender awareness. These treatments nevertheless push questions about morality that grotesque beauty actually challenges. Thus morality and beauty in its aesthetic straight forwardedness seem to flatten out newer boundaries of experiences, which the Chapman brothers challenge through their craftsmanship. Traditional Sculpture, especially in the hands of the Chapman Brothers and Justin Novak or Grayson Perry are objects of anti-canonical parody, grotesque imitations or thought-provoking reverse-discourses. All these postmodern artists are challenging aesthetic experience. All these artworks succumb to one the power of the grotesque that sublimates beauty with its truth, and they make us realize that truth is not about a fixed standard, but accepting the actual absence of it. What makes contemporary art more beastly in its beauty is the power to derive happiness (or sado-masochist satisfaction) out of this grotesqueness. The grotesque shocks but this is a pleasure in itself, because it is the very representation of the consciousness. Theatre and artwork met with experimentalism in the stage by Artaud, who made audience a spectator to cruelty that is harsh, exceptionally brutal and yet beautiful. By shattering estrangement and by creating something that allows no objectivity (in the lik es of Kant or Brecht) Artaud demands a complete involvement of the senses. Moreover, this is where art threatens to change the soul of the perceiver by its dominating beauty, which horrifies the perceiver with its verity and unique angst. Wittgensteins concept of seeing-as, allows contemporary art to shun master narratives completely and standout on their own purely as visual sensations. From British Avant-Garde art that confuses common and the uncommon (like use of mannequin by Chapman Brothers or genitals replaced by the faces in their remake of Goyas Disasters of Wars series). Grotesquerie is about questioning the status quo, about unflinching self-criticism and about embracing outsiders. From Simon Carroll deconstructing the chronology of ceramic vases with his pastiches like Thrown Square Pot2005, engages the observers mind with complex questions that he poses through the irregular construction of his surfaces. Thrown Square Pot  2005, Simon Carroll. The artists seem to dwell on the apparent hyperreality of contemporary situation, where art has become a vastly reproduced object fractured beyond identity. Formlessness becomes the beauty without symmetry and deliberate cruelty an aesthetic grotesqueness. Thus the gap between what is apparent and what may actually exists gives the artists ample space to bridge this defined categories with crushing forces of expressions that though grotesque to the shocked senses is ultimately beautiful by virtue of its truth. Works Cited Eliot, T. S The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Eliot, Thomas Stearns. Prufrock and Other Observations. London: The Egoist, Ltd, 1917; Bartleby.com, 1996. www.bartleby.com/198/. [30.01.2007]. ON-LINE ED.: Published May 1996 by Bartleby.com; Copyright Bartleby.com, Inc. (Terms of Use). Hegel, Lectures on Fine Art, (edited by Hotho) Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, Vol. 1.translated by T. M. Knox, 1973. Poetical Works. London: Macmillan, 1884; Bartleby.com, 1999 Jakobson, Roman. Language in Literature. Ed. Krystyna Pomorska and Stephen Rudy. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1987. See influential essay Linguistics and Poetics by Roman Jakobson, in their collection Language in Literature (1987).

FGM: Female Genital Mutilation Must be Outlawed Worldwide Essay

Female Genital Mutilation, shortened to FGM in most medical texts, is â€Å"collective name given to several different traditional practices that involve the cutting of female genitals.† FGM is a common cultural practice in many parts of the world, especially Africa and Asia that was established hundreds of years ago. There are many different types of FGM, ranging from clitoridectomy, to cutting and infibulations (Skaine 7). Even though these procedures are accepted in the areas they are practiced, FGM has become a human rights discussion resurfacing in recent years because the procedures serve no purpose. Female Genital Mutilation is an unethical practice that should be outlawed throughout the entire world. FGM, specifically infibulation, is believed to have started in Arabia and then spread to Africa through a well-established trade route. FGM has never been considered a hygienic practice because most of the procedures make hygiene more difficult (Pieters). The sole purpose of FGM is to make sexual contact unsatisfactory for the woman, no matter what the motive is. Some girls go through FGM procedures at a young age to calm their fathers’ nerves and others undergo the procedures so she won’t stray from her husband. In Egypt, 97 percent of women have undergone a Female Circumcision procedure sometime in their lives while only 82 percent approve of it. An Indonesian study showed that midwives performed from about 68 to 88 percent of all procedures (Skaine 42). Most of the time, girls that receive a Female Circumcision don’t even get a chance to voice their opinions because they are too young when the procedure is performed. While Female Genital Mutilation procedures serve their purpose, to take away sexual satisfaction, every advers... ...problem is viewed by the public. According to the Womankind Worldwide organization, in order to achieve the abolition of FGM two things must happen: â€Å"FGM needs to be firmly [placed] on national governments’ agendas and there must be clear laws specifically criminalizing FGM† (Womankind Worldwide 32). Until those two things happen, Female Genital Mutilation will continue to be a worldwide concern. Developed nations must help the countries â€Å"lagging behind† to smooth the progress of eradicating FGM (Skaine 79). The frequency of genital cutting in individual countries makes the practice seem irrelevant in many parts of the world; however the practice is a worldwide human rights concern. A person’s body should not be deformed, unless for hygienic or medical reasons, without the individual’s permission therefore any form of Female Genital Mutilation should not take place.

The Striding Apis Bull Essay -- essays papers

The Striding Apis Bull The Apis Bull originated in Memphis, cult of Serapis during the reign of Ptolemy I. Serapis was the god whose association with Osiris, the god of the dead, formed the name Asar-Hapi. Asar is the Egyptian name of Osiris and Hapi was the name given to the Apis Bull which was the object of worship at Memphis. The Greeks combined the two together to form Zaparrus. Even though it is not quite clear, it is certain that Serapis is the shape Apis took after death. â€Å"Apis is called the â€Å"life of Osiris, the lord of heaven, tem (with) his horns (in) his head .†He is said to give life, strength, and health to thy nostrils forever.† At the beginning of the new Empire Osiris and Apis are united by priests of Memphis to represent a funeral character which, at the time, was considered a god of the underworld. This character that was considered to be the god of the underworld was the Apis Bull. There are several different Egyptian myths about the â€Å"Apis Bull†. However, the most common myths of the Apis Bull are alike. â€Å"In one myth Apis assisted Isis, Osiris’s wife, in searching for the body of Osiris. It was believed by the ancient Egyptians that the bull’s fecundity and generative powers could be transformed to the deceased, ensuring him or her rebirth in the next life.† In another Egyptian myth it was said that an Apis Bull was born of a virgin cow that was impregnated by Ptah. â€Å"The Bull could be recognized by a peculiar white mark on his neck, a rump t...

Mans search for meaning Essay -- essays research papers fc

REACTION TO VICTOR FRANKL’S MAN’S SEARCH FOR MEANING Frankl attains as high a level of humanism in his writing as one would think possible of any scientist. His psychology is based on empiricism. His experiences as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, stripped of everything but his bare existence, led him to explore the ultimate sense of meaning in human life. In own privileged western world we don’t have to struggle for life and its essentials, like food. Furthermore, there is plenty to keep us busy, whether it be work or other forms of entertainment. In such an environment it is easy to forget or procrastinate in the search for life’s meaning. In Frankl’s account, the search for meaning had life-and-death implications, like the need for food and water. Having formed a theory so based on experience, Frankl is much less schematic or cerebral than even the most humanistic of psychologists. Some of his conclusions are not unlike those of Abraham Maslow and Erich Fromm. This is clear in the importance all three give to transcendence. He asserts that â€Å"the more one forgets himself†¦the more human he is and the more he actualizes himself† (133). This assertion reminds one of Maslow’s definitions of â€Å"peak experiences† as those of transcendence. Maslow claims that it is possible to learn from such experiences in order to become more conscious of being. This idea firmly correlates with Frankl’s. The main concern for mankind is fulfilling a meaning. It is in this point that Frank...

Class Rigidity and Social Mobility

In late eighteenth and early nineteenth century England there was a sort of moral ‘code' of behavior and standards that are to be maintained by the middle and upper classes of society. Austen realistically mirrors this ‘code' through the characters and plots of her novels while showing that social flexibility was narrow and class boundaries were strict. The topics of class stringency and social mobility are important areas in Jane Austen's literature. We begin to see that Austen is not a revolutionary as she supports and preserves the morals and customs of societies ierarchy.However she often encourages and backs the emergence of new wealth permitting greater social mobility. In Austen's world the naval and tradesmen' professions are means by which it is acceptable for peoples to advance their social situations. In Persuasion and Emma, we witness class rigidity as well as class mobility. Characters in the Navvy and those who are newly risen from or ‘in trade' have o btained fortune enough to become accepted into society's upper classes, which suggests that Austen allows some flexibility in her hierarchy. But, in Austen's world here are ‘rules' and limitations to social acceptance and Sir Walter Elliot and Mrs.Clay, and Mr. Elton are reprimanded for overstepping their ‘bounds'. Wealth is then the most principal determining factor of social standings and ‘suitable' matches. With wealth in mind Austen is traditional in her respect for class stability, but she recognizes the benefits of larger social flexibility with new wealth. Austen uses irony and success of the naw and tradesmen' to show the advantages that new wealth has on social mobility. Sir Walter takes great offense to the naval profession nd speaks, I have strong grounds of objection to it.First, as being the means of bringing persons of obscure birth into undue distinction, and raising men to honours which their fathers and grandfathers never dreamt of A man is in grea ter danger in the naw of being insulted by the rise of one whose father, his father might have disdained to speak to, than in any other line. (Austen, Persuasion, 20) Sir Walter is representative of the upper class of the past. He holds tight to his morals and values the traditions of his ancestry. It is evident here that he has great ifficulty in separating someone from his or her family and cannot fathom how one would not follow in his fathers footsteps.This quotation also presents that Sir Walter Elliot personally feels insulted when someone of a random family who started off below him can end up above him. He feels that he should be superior to most Navvy men because the Elliots have been at the top end of the hierarchy for so long. When sir Walter says â€Å"undue distinction† it is ironic because he implies that his distinction was well earned and the distinction and honors ofa naval officer is not. He absurdly believes he should be superior because he didn't have to do any work to achieve his title.At Persuasion's end, Captain Wentworth and Anne Elliot were to be married. Austen described Wentworth, with five-and-twenty thousand pounds, and as high in his profession as merit and activity could place him, [he] was no longer nobody. He was now esteemed quite worthy to address the daughter of a foolish, spendthrift baronet, who had not had principle or sense enough to maintain himself in the situation in which Providence nad placed him, and who could give his daughter at resent but a small part of the share often thousand pounds which must be hers hereafter. Persuasion, 232) This passage shows that new wealth attained by people of low birth can have a great deal of social power Just as ancient families have social influence. It says that Wentworth was no longer a ‘nobody, so he was now worthy of Anne's hand, daughter ofa baronet, as his earnings put him on an upper class scale. By using a passive voice here it implies that society would agree that it does not matter that his wealth came from a profession, wealth is wealth, and he will be held in high regard for his earnings. The narrative also pokes fun at Anne's father, Sir Walter Elliot for being imprudent with his money.This suggests that Wentworth is more favorable to support Anne than Sir Walter, even though he thinks himself highly superior to Wentworth. After Frank Churchill arrives in town Emma takes him to shop at Ford's and says mfou will be adored in Highbury. You were very popular before you came, because you were Mr. Weston's son†Ã¢â‚¬  (Austen, Emma, 155). Mr. Weston was a former army captain and earned enough money to buy his own land putting him in a higher social situation. This quotation shows that not only is Mr. Weston associated with Highbury, he is held in high regard there.Frank Churchill is also a very wealthy man of the trade and because of his known wealth he is the talk of Highbury society. Through satire of the high-class society (Sir W alter), and through approval and regard for naw and trade' professions as a means of social mobility, Austen shows that the current social structure is moderately changing for the better. Although there are benefits of social mobility from new wealth peoples and patrons, tradition in maintaining class structure is imperative and belonging to a class should be ccompanied with finances. After Mr. Elton proposes to Emma, the narrator attempts to understand Mr.Elton's motives. Perhaps it was not fair to expect him to feel how very much he was her inferior in talent, and all the elegancies of mind. The very want of such equality might prevent his perception of it; but he must know that in fortune and consequence she was greatly his superior. He must know that the Woodhouses had been settled for several generations at Hartfield, the younger branch of a very ancient family†and that the Eltons were nobody. (Emma, 105) The narrator suggests hat Elton cannot comprehend how he is not fit ting of Emma because he himself is unfit.The snobbish tone in this passage attempting to commiserate with Elton is indicative of Austen's disapproval of such a notion. The narrator is trying to fathom why Elton thinks he is of high enough rank to even ask Emma something of the sort. It says ‘he must know suggesting that he should know that he was in the wrong. The narrator calls the Eltons nobodies; this serves as a reminder of their economic situation and place in the social hierarchy. Anne sees a possible threat in the way Mrs. Clay a polite widow recommends herself to her father Sir Walter Elliot.Anne thinks she is widely overstepping her boundaries in regard to rank. Anne, â€Å"felt the imprudence of the arrangement an acute mind and assiduous pleasing manners, infinitely more dangerous attractions than any merely personal might have been. Anne was so impressed by the degree of danger, that she could not excuse herself from trying to make it perceptible to her sisterâ₠¬  (Persuasion, 33). Anne believes it is ner obligation as a member ot the upper class to protect ner tamilYs name. She calls he match a danger and inappropriate because she knows the meaning of a ‘suitable' match, matching in class and rank.She is mindful of her social structure and how it functions and is greatly offended by even the possibility of low rank coming into her family by marriage. Because Anne is the heroine in Persuasion and we as readers associate with her ideals, it becomes clear that Austen wants us to know that marrying into a family with wealth without having wealth oneself is unacceptable. It is evident that Austen is conventional in her respect for societal traditions as none of he marriages in Austen's fiction of which she approved was economically unwise.In close, Austen sticks to tradition but is lenient in accepting new wealth into her social structure. Austen reveals class mobility when she eventually allows Anne to marry Wentworth even though they are of different heritage. The match is acceptable, as he has through the Navvy accumulated fortune and good merit enough to secure Anne's status. She also uses the ridiculousness of Sir Walter to convey that to be of the upper class it does require hard work and management, as he is thoughtless with his money causing him to fall in rank. Mr.

Cognitive-Behavioral Case Study of London: A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan

In this conceptualization and treatment plan, the client’s presenting problems will be discussed in detail including symptoms and diagnosis. All disclosed problem areas for the client are described including, depression and anxiety. Cognitive behavioral theory is explained including the theory’s core concepts and key elements. Cognitive behavioral theory is utilized as the theory of choice throughout the treatment plan and conceptualization. The goals and interventions utilized are outlined also utilizing cognitive behavioral theory techniques. The goals for this client and treatment plan include; In conclusion the expected outcome of each intervention utilized is disclosed and all other challenges of the entire process are given. Presenting Concerns London presents as a 24-year old biracial woman of African-American and Caucasian decent. London came into counseling due to ongoing depression and poor peer relations caused by her anxiety and mistrust issues. London is a single mother recently discharged from the military with minimal support systems in place. She is currently working in a job she dislikes and feels trapped in her present life as it is. Her child’s father is incarcerated and she has been hiding this information from her family out of fear of judgment. London has four siblings three of which are younger than she. London and her siblings were raised by their paternal grandmother due to her parent’s drug abuse issues. London’s grandmother often displayed signs of depression during her childhood although it went undiagnosed without treatment. London described some symptoms of post-partum depression after the birth of her son, which went untreated. London does not have good relationships with her siblings nor does she have any solid peer relationships she feels she needs. London was raised as a Christian, but feels disconnected from God and guilty over her choices to have a child out of wedlock. London is now feeling increased anxiety about telling her family about her issues with her son’s father and what his return will do to their already strained relationship. Case Conceptualization Speaking to London revealed many issues with forming and maintain healthy relationships. London’s lack of substantial relational exchanges with her parents seems to have caused much anxiety now that she herself is a parent (she reports being anxious around her child). Both London’s mother and father were not present during the ties she was trying to build a solid sense of self-awareness. London reports constantly being indecisive about things, as she was unsure of her likes and dislikes. London may have developed a poor sense of self, as she felt rejected by both parents. That rejection has now resurfaced in the relationship with Zion’s father, Xavier. Like her parents, Xavier left London during a pivotal time in her life. London may now believe she will become withdrawn and distant towards her own child the way her mother and father had done to her. London’s disconnect from herself and reality continued throughout adulthood when her grandmother did not pay as much attention to her as she would’ve liked. London has allowed feelings of incompetence and inadequacy hinder her progress at work, school, and in her peer relationships. London developed a habit of distancing herself from others in an attempt to avoid developing relationships. This distance included her siblings as she indicated she does not call them, visit them, or take any of their calls. London is also dishonest about what is going in her life with her family. London’s distorted view on her relationships has fueled her desire to maintain unhealthy relationships with men including her children’s father and other male figures. London reports being afraid to break off the relationship as she does not feel she can find someone else. Goals and Interventions

How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor Essay

How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor By Erik S. Reinert The book How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor is written by Erik S. Reinert and it is published in 2007. Reinert is a 62-year-old Norwegian economist who specializes in development economics and economic history (Wikipedia). Reinert attended the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland (where he studied economics), Harvard University for MBA, and Cornell University for Ph.D.(Wikipedia). In addition to How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor, Reinert has written six books which focus around the theory of uneven development and the history of economic thought and policy (Wikipedia). Reinert is not only an eminent scholar in his field, but also a distinguished entrepreneur. In 1972 he founded a small industrial firm that did color sampling to the paint and automotive industries. Later he developed the firm and added production plants in Norway and Finland, and by the time he sold it in 1991, the company had become the largest of its kind in Eu rope (Wikipedia). Reinert is influenced by Friedrich List and it shows in his piece. Reinert suggests that â€Å"globalization would have been a positive-sum game for all countries if the world has taken Friedrich List’s path to economic integration† (Reinert, 161.). Friedrich has developed his own theory about the timing of tariffs and free trade, and the sequence basically goes like this: (1) a period of free trade for all nations (2) a period when small states protect and build their own industries (4) a period when all countries establish their own competitive industrial sectors (Reinert, 161.).After going through all the above steps, it’s time to open for global free trade and globalization will benefit the poor nations as well as the rich ones. Based on Reinert’s education level, the amount of research and publication he has done in the field of uneven development and his work experience, it can be concluded that Reinert is both qualified educationally and by experience to write this book. How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor is Reinert’s most recent English-language book and his purpose of writing this book is to find out the causes of poverty and to explain the mechanisms that produce the huge gap between the rich and the poor. He looks through the economic history of the past 500 hundred years and concludes the economic structure that most rich countries follow faithfully and eventually make them rich: industrialization policies first, free trade second. Once the rich countries become rich (e.g. the European countries), the type of economic understanding employed by them during their transition from poor to rich dies and they comes up with the completely different standard economics (abstract â€Å"high† theories) for export to poor countries. As a consequence, the standard economics, such as the Washington Consensus, proves to be damaging to poor countries and makes them even poorer. It can be observed that the rich countries were those who emulated the leading industrial nations, such as the United Kingdom, into â€Å"the Age of Industry† (Reinert, 123.) Industrialization is the very first step towards success. With the effect of increasing returns and specialization, the benefit of industrialization goes much further. Industrialized countries take all the jobs that require high skills and technology, while the jobs industrialized countries can no longer mechanize or innovate further, such as straightening of the wire, are farmed out to the non-industrialized countries (Reinert, 39.) Rich countries produce mechanizable products while poor countries can only produce non-mechanizable ones and it explains why no country is able to get rich by only producing raw materials (Reinert, 134.). An industrial sector is essential for a country to become rich. As time zips by, technology and increasing returns, which are main sources of economic power, create economic barriers to entry and make it even more difficult for poor countries to catch up (Reinert, 40.). Rich countries specialize in the right economic activities also develop economic scale and as a consequence, more labor is needed to perform the tasks and the cost of each unit of product falls (Reinert, 40.). Workers are paid more and the things they buy cost less. Both outcomes reflect the two ways to raise the standard of  living: to receive higher wages or to lower the prices of goods (Reinert, 131.). On the other side, rich countries force the conclusions of standard economic policies which they would not apply at home, upon the poor nations that are under their wings, such as keeping the colonies as pure suppliers of raw materials (Reinert, 39.). The rhetoric-reality gap plays an important role in keeping poor countries poor. Another factor that is crucial to the poor nations is the timing of opening up of an economy because free trade tends to destroy the most efficient industries in the least efficient countries (Reinert, 251.). Most rich countries are industrialized before the free trade, so that when they enter the market, they are capable to compete with other countries and get the maximum benefits from globalization but for poor nations, the free trade is like adding frost to snow. In conclusion, Reinert sees the wealth as a result of industrialization, together with other factors such as increasing returns, synergies and he blames poverty for deindustrialization, and the wrong timing of free trade. In general, I agree with Reinert’s opinion that industrialization and the timely free trade policy are the keys to wealth. The development path of China can be a perfect example for this. China was very prosperous during the Tang dynasty, and many western countries sent scholars all the way to China to learn from its success. But during the Qing dynasty, the government chose the policy of isolation and it destroyed the economic development of China. The Qing government restricted the external transport and foreign trade. Imported goods were heavily taxed. The variety and quantity of exported goods were limited as well. China isolated itself from others while many western competitors were in the process of industrialization. Many industrialized western nations were seeking new territories and the deindustrialized China without any advanced arms naturally became their target. Effortlessly, their machine guns bombed the â€Å"locked† country. After that, China learned lessons and started to choose economic structure carefully. Instead of following the immediate economic integration, China followed the Marshall Plan whose goal is to reindustrialize. Fortunately, China chose the right economic structure this time and it was used as proof of the excellence of globalization while Russia, a country faithfully followed the advice given by the World Bank and IMF, experienced disastrous  consequences (Reinert, 118.). Although China has gone back to the right track, but the fact that China is a developing country instead of a developed country demonstrates that the scar caused by the mistaken choice of economic policy and deindustrialization hasn’t healed. The story of China shows the consequences of failing to recognize the importance of industrialization and timely free trade. The failure explains why poor countries are poor and the presently weal thy countries are those who embrace the industrialization and capitalism. Generally speaking, the book is well written. Reinert organizes the book by using sub headings to separate the content and drawing examples from the economic history to support his theories, which make the book more understandable and reliable. There are only a few graphics, a bibliography and a very long appendix at the end, suggesting there are a lot of facts and in-depth research behind the book. The only problem that I have with this book is the repetitiveness of theories. Reinert is very focused on his theme but sometimes he tends to overemphasize it by repeating the similar theories in different chapters. I would recommend the book to readers who have a particular interest in the topic of equalization, or the gap between the rich and the poor. Reinert discusses a lot of highly controversial subjects and people would want to find out the answers. Bibliography S. Reinert, Erik, How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor, London: Constable & Robinson Ltd, 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_S._Reinert

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Essay

On December 29, 1970 Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The purpose of this act as quoted from the act itself is: â€Å"To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health; and for other purposes.† This act requires employers to provide workplaces that are free from serious recognized hazards and to comply with occupational safety and health standards. The mission of OSHA is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers. Since 1970 OSHA has grown to over 1,130 inspectors in states under federal OSHA jurisdiction. Personnel also includes investigators, engineers, physicians, educators, standards writers and other sup port personnel spread over more than 200 offices throughout the country (OSHA FAQ) . Since 1970 workplace fatalities have been reduced by half. Even with this decline fourteen Americans are killed on the job every single day of the year. In addition, tens of thousands die every year from workplace disease and over 4.6 million workers are seriously injured on the job (OSHA FAQ). The Department of Labor which conducts the OSHA inspections wants workers to feel safe on the job. Workers have rights that include the right to request an inspection, have a representative present at the inspection, have dangerous substances identified, be informed about exposure to hazards, and have employer violations posted at the worksite (OSH Act). In section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 there is a set of duties that employers and employees are supposed to follow in order to be best assisted by OSHA. This General Duty Clause states: â€Å"(a) Each employer – (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees; (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act. (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.† In section 8 of the OSH Act regarding Inspections and Investigations it states: â€Å"(a) In order to carry out the purposes of this Act, the Secretary, upon appropriate credentials to the owner, operator or agent in charge is authorized- (1) to enter without delay and at reasonable times any factory, plant establishment, construction site or other area, workplace or environment where work is performed by an employee of an employer; and (2) to inspect and investigate during regular working hours and at other reasonable times, and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, any such place of employment and all pertinent conditions, structures, machines, apparatus, devices, equipment, and materials therein, and to question privately any such employer, owner operator, agent or employee.† In Marshall v. Barlow’s Inc., 436 U.S. 307 (1978), this case involved the constitutionality of a provision in the Occupational Safety and Health Act that permitted inspectors to enter premises without a warrant to inspect for safety hazards and violation of OSHA regulations. The Court held that this provision violated the Fourth Amendment. In The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States, commentary is given on this case. One issue in the case was whether a warrant was required. The Court had previously held that no warrant was required to inspect either the premises of a liquor licensee or a licensed gun dealer’s storeroom. Distinguishing these earlier cases because each concerned a closely regulated industry, the Court in Barlow’s concluded that requiring warrants in the OSHA context would not â€Å"impose serious burdens on the inspection system or the courts† (p. 316). As for the grounds to obtain an inspection warrant, Barlow’s follows the rule in Camara v. Municipal Court (1967) that traditional probable cause is unnecessary if the authorities can show that the inspection conforms to â€Å"reasonable legislative or administrative standards† (p. 538). So, the Court in Barlow’s concluded that a warrant â€Å"showing that a specific business has been chosen for an OSHA search on the basis of a general administrative plan for the enforcement of the Act derived from neutral sources† (p. 321) would be sufficient, because it would ensure against arbitrary selection of employers. Marshall v. Barlow did little to change the frequency and effectiveness of OSHA inspections. First, OSHA regulations apply to millions of businesses and are enforced by only 1,130 inspectors. Obvious principles of good management would send these inspectors to businesses that justified to have an inspection based on accident history and the number of employee complaints. OSHA’s managers had already been using this type of plan prior to the Barlow inspection since Barlow’s Inc. was selected for an inspection based on its accident history. In the â€Å"AEI Journal on Government and Society†, we are given insight on how the Barlow decision protected business, yet still allowed OSHA inspectors to obtain Ex Parte warrants. Barlow left open the question whether â€Å"judicial orders for inspections routinely sought under the secretary’s existing regulations when employers refuse entry are the functional equivalent of warrants and thus satisfy the Fourth Amendment (6)†. When OSHA’s inspectors conduct criminal investigations with the assistance of a U.S. attorney, they may â€Å"obtain warrants by telephone pursuant to Rule 41(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (7)†. The Barlow decision made the point of saying that if the purpose of an OSHA search is to obtain evidence of crime rather than civil infractions; probable cause that criminal conduct has occurred must be shown to justify a warrant. OSHA Instruction STP 2.18 reiterates that the Supreme Court held that the Fourth Amendment requires a warrant for a nonconsensual OSHA inspection. However, the Court recognized the importance of surprise in the conduct of inspections (as reflected in the Act’s general prohibition against advance notice of an inspection), â€Å"in preventing the speedy alteration or disguise of violations so that they escape the inspector’s notice†. The instruction goes on to say that: â€Å"The Court explicitly noted the Secretary of Labor’s authority to promulgate a regulation under which warrants could be sought ex parte; i.e., without the knowledge or participation of the employer. Such warrants might be sought after refusal of an employer to grant entry for an inspection or, in some cases, prior to any attempt to gain entry.† This procedure has helped maximize the effectiveness of criminal enforcement agencies since Barlow did not limit surprise inspections. The only important safeguard that the Barlow decision offered employers was the protection against inspections conducted in bad faith or for purposes of harassment. There are some instances when an inspection requires no warrant. An article titled â€Å"Warrantless OSHA Inspections† by Mark E. Farrell gives an example of how this situation can occur. Farrell summarizes the details in Lakeland Enterprises of Rhinelander, Inc. v. Chao, 402 F.3d 739 (7th Cir. 2005). A sewer and water contractor (Lakeland) in northern Wisconsin was performing excavation work at an industrial park when an OSHA inspector, driving by on the public street, decided to stop and perform an impromptu inspection. After walking past traffic cones that were blocking street traffic from the project site, the inspector observed a Lakeland employee excavating a trench with a backhoe while another employee worked at the bottom of the trench. â€Å"The trench was approximately eighteen feet deep and six feet wide at the bottom and did not contain a ladder or trench box†. When the contractor’s project superintendent began conversing with the OSHA inspector, the worker in the trench climbed up one of the walls to exit, which resulted in loose dirt falling back into the trench. â€Å"The employee performing the excavation work admitted that he knew that the other worker was not supposed to be working in the trench and that he failed to remove him† (Farrell). OSHA ended up issuing three citations and assessed a $49,000 civil penalty against the contractor, including a â€Å"willful violation for permitting an employee to work in an unprotected trench (in violation of 29 CFR  § 1926.652(a)†. During the hearing, the contractor moved to â€Å"suppress the evidence obtained from the inspection† on the basis that the OSHA inspector’s â€Å"warrantless search of the excavation site violated the Fourth Amendment†. The administrative law judge denied the motion, finding that the contractor had no right of privacy at the excavation site because the land was located on a public road. The administrative law judge also concluded that any Fourth Amendment claim was waived because the contractor failed to object to the inspection or ask for a warrant at the site (Farrell). It is important to understand that no advance notice of a worksite inspection needs to be given. Unannounced inspections are an important tool in OSHA’s mission to promote safe and healthful working conditions at all times. OSHA has come a long way since 1970 to help American become a safe place to work especially when compared to some parts of the world. With a good budget and better laws there are fewer injuries every year. OSHA truly is one of the administrative agencies that exist for the bettering of the quality of life for the workers of our country. Works Cited Farrell, Mark E. â€Å"Warrantless OSHA Inspections Newsletter Article.† Lorman Education Services – Continuing Education Seminars. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. . Hall, Kermit L. â€Å"Marshall v. Barlow’s Inc.† The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. 2005. â€Å"OSH Act, OSHA Standards, Inspections, Citations and Penalties.† Occupational Safety and Health Administration – Home. OSHA Office of Training and Education, May 1996. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. . â€Å"OSHA and the Fourth Amendment.† AEI JOURNAL ON GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY (1978): 6-7. AEI JOURNAL ON GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY. Web. United States of America. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Print United States of America. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Inspections and Investigations: Obtaining Warrants on an Ex Parte Basis and Prior to Attempting Entry. Bruce Hillenbrand Acting Director, Federal Compliance and State Programs, 26 Feb. 1981. Web. . United States of America. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA Frequently Asked Questions. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. .

Write an essay about a leader you consider to be a great lrader any

Write an about a leader you consider to be a great lrader any country living or dead - Essay Example hich included being a soldier, a writer, a politician as well as a statesman, he was able to hone his leadership skills and develop them for the future of the country. Moreover, his inherent personality also revealed a risk taking and determined attitude which helped him become the remembered man that he is today. One of his greatest capabilities was to inspire people despite the ominous circumstances that may have loomed in the country at the time. Even during the crucial time of war, Churchill was able to make people realise the need for being positive and fighting in the name of patriotism. He demonstrated streaks of enthusiasm as well as determination in public and the effects of his zeal were felt immediately in all parts of the country. He always preached being positive and did not entertain any kind of negotiation with Hitler. He inspired almost all the citizens that lived in Britain at the time with the help of his stalwart fortitude. When he became the Prime Minister, he was 65 years old however his age did not tie his enthusiasm down because he continued to be extremely energetic at the old age of 65 as well. He had mustered enough experience at the time and was at a spot where he knew exactly what the citizens of the country desired. During the course of his career, he was also subject to a number of faulty decisions and unpopularity however, all of that added on to the experience that he had gained over the years which finally helped him make good judgements. He also possessed excellent communication skills and has been known to be one of the greatest orators of all time. Churchill had a great amount of charisma which attracted people towards him and the principles that he preached. One of the main traits of leadership is to have an excellent personality and make people want to be someone because of the personality that they possess. He had a great amount of confidence when talking to people and was able to win their hearts over and help them

The Market Exposure of Three UK Mobile Company Essay

The Market Exposure of Three UK Mobile Company - Essay Example As computed in 2013, the number of registered customers of 3 telecommunication brand across the world is over 23.5 million. Â  There are a number of factors in the internal and external business environment of the telecommunication industry of the United Kingdom which leads to the vulnerability and added costs for the company, Three UK. The changes in the way people use mobile and internet technologies and the development of electronic commerce businesses are seen as opportunities for the telecommunication businesses, including Three UK. Â  Licensing of spectrums is an important business cost incurred by Three UK. The processes of the licensing of frequency bands for the telecommunication operators have high associated costs. The cost of spectrum licensing is the biggest cost incurred by Three UK. The company has to incur the costs of widening the network coverage through more spectrum allocation. For this, the company has set up numerous mobile network towers in various locations in the United Kingdom. For this purpose, either the company has to incur the fixed cost of setting up a new tower or it has to lease these operations to a third party company (Anselin, 2008). In both these cases, Three UK has to invest sufficient amount of money for the ultimate aim of a wider spectrum and network coverage. Also, the company has to continuously ensure that the licensing of frequency bands is acquired in an efficient manner so that the benefits of this kind of limited resource for the telecommunication business can be extra cted in the best possible manner.

CORPOATE FINANCIAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CORPOATE FINANCIAL - Essay Example Thus major companies conduct an investigation to discover the actual situation of the company. or ‘Is the profit generated by the company solely based on the sale of its product, or does a part of the profit comes from other sources such as investment in a financial market, or any other source which will not be possible for our company’s board to manage?’ (Hutchison, S., 1968) Well... considering the situation of these two companies at end, basically we have to imagine ourselves to be acquirers and analyze the best price for purchase and the viability of purchase of FKI for Wolseley. So, to be able to do that we will analyze the data of FKI Plc and compare its various figures against our company’s figures, so that we may establish a ratio based comparison between various factors such as Profits, Activity, Liquidity, Gearing ratio, etc. But we will not forget other positive factors such as the growing business in rest of the world, the creditability created by the brand names owned by FKI, and finally the fact that a larger and more renowned company such as Wolseley would definitely create a huge impact on the creditors and other parties (in a positive manner). Well... the current ‘ratio’ indicates that both the companies have a very similar assets and liabilities position, with 1.65 for Wolseley and 1.57 for FKI. Both these companies have their own plus points and loopholes. Overall, Wolseley is 6 times larger in terms of Working capital. But in terms of Net Asset (Total Asset – Total Liabilities) Wolseley has a much higher reserve by superlating FKI by 13 times, this has just doubled if we compare it to the current ratio. Primarily, we have evaluated the company’s balance sheet. According to the balance sheet as provided by the company’s Board of Directors, the situation doesn’t look good in the current year, Fixed and current assets combined have fallen by about 98.7 million pounds, not only that

European human rights law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European human rights law - Essay Example It is an individual's most essential political right and the essence of democracy. Freedom of expression is what makes it possible for even the most ordinary of citizens to make a political expression, even if that expression is against the state itself. It is this right that makes it possible for such an individual to hold an opinion that is different from the opinion of the majority. It is this freedom that gives people the power to protest inequality and oppression. From this freedom emanate all the other freedoms. In a democracy, probably the most important consequence of the freedom of expression is to compel governments to the dialogue table, and it is because of this that governments are forced to consider the opinions of people in its decision making. This works to the advantage of both people and the government - if indeed one can make a distinction between the two. People have the advantage of ensuring that all or most governmental decisions consider their opinion. In Europe freedom of expression is protected by article 10 (1) of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). "Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers" ("The European Convention on Human Rights"). Contrary to what some... And this freedom relates to the freedom of opinion, freedom of information, and the freedom to criticize. Freedom of Opinion and Information The first paragraph of Article 10 of the ECHR elucidates that freedom of expression shall include the "freedom to hold opinions and to receive information" ("The European Convention on Human Rights"). There is more to this freedom than one initially realizes. The freedom to hold opinions, among other things, also means spiritual freedom. This freedom includes the freedom to hold and report a belief. This belief can be critical or appreciative or merely judgmental. These beliefs or opinions can relate to philosophy, science, literature, politics, ethics and several such other aspects. This freedom applies as much to giving an opinion, as to receiving one. 3 Freedom of expression includes the freedom to information. This freedom applies to receiving information, as it does to the dissemination of information. This freedom is an offshoot of the freedom to opinion. Yet another off-shoot of the freedom to express opinions is the freedom of criticism. This is a significant aspect of the freedom of expression as it gives even people in the minority the right to hold and express views that are not in consonance with the majority. This Freedom is Not Unconditional The freedom of expression is however not a platform for unfettered individual and institutional will. There are conditions. The freedoms guaranteed under Article 10 of the ECHR carry with them "certain duties and responsibilities". Exercise of this freedom must be within the parameters of certain procedures, conditions, controls and rules of infraction. These parameters are laid down by law in the wider interests of the

Essay 6 in one single spaced full page + the identifications

6 in one single spaced full page + the identifications - Essay Example Asians migrated to America many years ago because of galleon trade. American merchants traded with China through Canton port in 19th Century. The Chinese immigrants comprised of 10% population of California and 25% that of Idaho due to attraction from railway construction, mining and fishing industries. Japanese concentrated in farming in California, and their immigration to the United States evolved in 1880s. They lived in ethnic Clusters. Diplomacy of immigration was really concerned with the consequences of keeping some people out and therefore, diplomatic establishment was made in 1924 partially to facilitate immigration. Italian: Before 1850, the Italians immigrants from Mediterranean were widely disbursed but in a small population. Most of them were from Central and Northern Italy largely concentrating in New Orleans. After 1880, most of the Italians from Wales currently referred to as the Mezzogiorno of northwest Europe entered US through New York concentrating in New England, Chicago and Mid-Atlantic states. Greeks: Greeks who had strong ties with Greece brought their Orthodox Churches to America in 1890s although more than half returned to Greece. They created ethnic niches in the restaurant business. Arabs and Armenians: The Armenian population was larger around Turkish Genocide time in 1915 and only 2 mosques were built before 1930 by the small Muslim population. Most of these immigrants were Syrians and Lebanese. The Poles: more than 26 ethnic groups settled in cities of N.E and Great lakes e.g. Detroit, Cleveland and Chicago. These were especially Europeans peasants. Most of the immigrants were laborers Roman Catholics, but there were no Poland in the year 1795 to 1919. Before 1880, 250000 Jews fled to US because of religious persecution, most German descent and 50,000 from East Europe. By 1924, 4 million Jews had fled to US 3 million of Eastern European descent. Most of them were young

Using concrete examples compare and contrast hearing and listening Essay

Using concrete examples compare and contrast hearing and listening - Essay Example ps; like when one tries to recall any past event and he is able to remember hearing one or two things unconsciously and these tits and bits of information do come handy in many ways. However, active listening is vital and is explicitly significant for learning and progressing in academic, professional or personal life. Like, if one sits in a Professional Development Sessions and he does not pay conscious attention towards the taught concepts, he will suffer from developing skills and will be stuck in a challenging situation due to lack of strategic solutions. However, if a person actively listens in such session and remembers even one of the taught strategies, he will be able to integrate it easily in his day to day working and will definitely benefit from the learnt concept. Lets! Suppose, if an enthusiast Father is preaching God’s magnificence in his Sermon, he will quote direct biblical verses to prove his point to the Listeners. And he can only quote them aptly if he integrates them with day to day occurrences or issues of the listeners (which he hears during confessions). Similarly, if he is not attentive in confessions box, he will not be able to speak effectively with his audience, as he will not be aware of their core problems or pressing issues. Likewise, if his audience is only hearing and they have diverse nature (content oriented, time oriented or passive listeners) they will not benefit or acquire any information from his sermon and their faith will decline eventually. Active listeners tend to comprehend the received information in diverse ways. Simultaneously, hearing is a natural act of receiving sounds from the environment. Like the traffic noise, wind blowing, honking horns, animal cries, people talking in crowded subways, one can hear them; but does not focus on them consciously or unconsciously. And if he does concentrate on any of them like consciously hearing the chirping of the birds then the act becomes listening instead of hearing. For

Q (VE1) or Q (VE2) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Q (VE1) or Q (VE2) - Research Paper Example a mean, ethics (how we are trained to handle any situation) is plainly the cause of the achievement of the ‘average’ feeling of happiness (happiness does not have a measure but either a lack or presence of it) (Aristotle 10a). Some of the moral virtues that Aristotle listed in his work include joy, pity, envy, confidence, appetite, friendliness, emulation, and more feeling-related human attributes. They are all considered to have an average, unlike such feelings as happiness and anger that stand as distinct feelings and can only be described by way of how they are expressed and not how much of them we can assess. If I were the shepherd in Plato’s story (Plato par 1-7), I would consider it ethical to wear the ring because the powers that come with it are bound to bring me a feeling of protection and, subsequently, happiness. The ethical dimension to it is the ability to acquire the average feeling of satisfaction knowing the power I

United Nation Organization Essay Example for Free

United Nation Organization Essay United Nations Organisation was established after World War II with a motto to maintain world peace. And this in fact is known to every one of us in general. But the question is, was this really successful in doing the same i.e., maintaining the peace in every part of the world or are there any failures? Perhaps this is also one of the most important area to assess. Successes and Failures of the United Nations since its establishment, i believe is a very essential topic to be focused. Here are some of the positive roles played by UN and its failures. Successes of the United Nations The First and foremost it has prevented the occurrence of any further world wars. Instrumental in the maintenance of international balance of power. It played a Significant role in disarming the world and making it nuclear free. Various treaty negotiations like Partial Test Ban Treaty and Nuclear non-proliferation treaty have been signed under UN. Demise of colonialism and imperialism on one hand and apartheid on the other had UN sanctions behind them. UN Acted as vanguard for the protection of human rights of the people of the world, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. Despite crippled by Bretton Woods Institutions, UN has played limited but effective role on economic matters. Supported the North-South dialogue and aspired for emergence of new international economic order. Agencies of United Nations like WHO, UNICFF, UNESCO have keenly participated in the transformation of the international social sector. Peace keeping operations, peaceful resolution of disputes and refugee concerns had always been on the list of core issues. Since 1945, the UN has been credited with negotiating 172 peaceful settlements that have ended regional conflicts. The world body was also instrumental in institutionalization of international laws and world legal frame work. Passage of various conventions and declarations on child, women, climate, etc, highlights the extra-political affairs of the otherwise political world body. It has successfully controlled the situation in Serbia, Yugoslavia and Balkan areas. A number of peace missions in Africa has done reasonably well to control the situation. Failures of the United Nations: UN opinion on Hungary and Czechoslovakia were ignored by the erstwhile Soviet Union in 1950s. Israel had been taking unilateral action through decades in its geographical vicinity and nothing substantial has come out even by September 2010. No emphatic role in crisis of worst kinds like the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam crisis etc. UN was nowhere in the picture when the NATO rained bombs over former Yugoslavia. Uni-polarity and unilateralism has shaken the relevance of the world body. Unilateral action in Iraq was bereft of UN sanction. Failed to generate a universal consensus to protect the deteriorating world climate, even at Copenhagen in 2009. Number of nuclear powers in the world has kept on increasing. UN Could not control the horizontal expansion and proliferation of weapons and arms. Financial dependence on the industrialized nations has at times deviated UN from neutrality and impartiality. The world body has failed to reflect the democratic aspiration of the world. Without being democratic itself, it talks of democratization of the world. Aids is crossing regions and boundaries both in spread and intensity. Domestic situation of near anarchy in Iraq and many regions of Afghanistan, despite on active UN. The US President scheme of withdrawal has not able to bring any specific solutions in the region. In fact, the situation has been further aggravated. The UN totally exposed in the case of US invasion on Iraq in name for the search weapon of mass destruction. US has withdrawn its combat forces but the law and order and mutual distrust has worsened and at this juncture UN seems to be clueless.